(1) A fourth-grade student at the novice level of literature is beginning to attain the prerequisite knowledge and skills that are fundamental at each benchmark in literature. He/she:

(a) seldom comprehends material at the literal level;

(b) makes obvious predictions and connections, with assistance, within and between literary works;

(c) occasionally identifies how language affects the meaning of literary works as a reader, listener, and viewer;

(d) has difficulty identifying and/or discussing the language and literary tools that contribute to meaning;

(e) randomly selects print and non-print material from diverse cultures and viewpoints; and

(f) uses limited methods to share responses to a variety of literary works.