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10.54.5023    BENCHMARK FOR SCIENCE CONTENT STANDARD 2 UPON GRADUATION

(1) The benchmark for science content standard 2 upon graduation is that the student will:

(a) describe the structure of atoms, including knowledge of:

(i) subatomic particles and their relative masses, charges, and locations within the atom;

(ii) the electrical and nuclear forces that hold the atom together;

(iii) fission and fusion; and

(iv) radioactive decay;

(b) explain how the particulate-level structure and properties of matter affect its macroscopic properties, including the effective of:

(i) valence electrons on the chemical properties of elements and the resulting periodic trends in these properties;

(ii) chemical bonding;

(iii) molecular geometry and intermolecular forces;

(iv) kinetic molecular theory on phases of matter; and

(v) carbon-carbon atom bonding on biomolecules;

(c) describe the major features associated with chemical reactions, including:

(i) giving examples of reactions important to industry and living organism;

(ii) energy changes associated with chemical changes;

(iii) classes of chemical reactions;

(iv) rates of reactions; and

(v) the role of catalysts;

(d) identify, measure, calculate, and analyze relationships associated with matter and energy transfer or transformations and the associated conservation of mass;

(e) explain the interactions between motions and forces, including:

(i) the laws of motion; and

(ii) an understanding of the gravitational and electromagnetic forces;

(f) explain how energy is stored, transferred, and transformed, including:

(i) the conservation of energy;

(ii) kinetic and potential energy and energy contained by a field;

(iii) heat energy and atomic and molecular motion; and

(iv) energy tends to change from concentrated to diffuse; and

(g) describe how energy and matter interact, including:

(i) waves;

(ii) the electromagnetic spectrum;

(iii) quantization of energy; and

(iv) insulators and conductors.

History: 20-2-114, MCA; IMP, 20-2-121, 20-3-106, 20-7-101, MCA; NEW, 1999 MAR p. 2440, Eff. 10/22/99; AMD, 2006 MAR p. 2910, Eff. 11/23/06.

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